Okokuqala, ukuthuthukiswa kwengilazi
1. Umsuka wengilazi yamaShayina
Isikhathi sokuvela kwengilazi yaseShayina ngokuvamile sisemuva kunesikhathi sokuvela kwengilazi yomhlaba.
Okhokho basendulo baseShayina bakha i-porcelain yakudala ngasekupheleni kukaShang Dynasty, eminyakeni engaba ngu-2 000 ngemva kokuba amaMesopotamiya asebenzise indlela yokugoqa ukuze enze ingilazi.Ngokocwaningo lwamanje, ingilazi yokuqala e-China yavela esifundeni i-Xinjiang.Embuzweni wokuthi ngabe ingilazi idalwe eChina, umbono ovame kakhulu ukuthi ingilazi yaseShayina yaqala ukungeniswa ivela eNtshonalanga Asia futhi yavela eChina njengomkhiqizo wokunethezeka.Isiphetho sokuthi ingilazi eyenziwe ekhaya e-China kufanele ivele ngasekupheleni kwesikhathi se-Warring States sithathwe ku-glassware evubukulwe emathuneni ka-Hunan nase-Hube.
E-China yasendulo, ingilazi yayibizwa nangokuthi i-liuli.Ngesikhathi sobukhosi bakwa-Han, ngenxa yokungeniswa kwenani elikhulu lezingilazi ezivela empucukweni yaseNtshonalanga Asia, inani lezingilazi ezenziwe ekhaya eShayina lake lancishiswa noma lahlanganiswa nezinto ezingavamile, futhi lesi simo sokuchuma kwamasiko sathuthukiswa eSui. kanye nobukhosi baseTang, lapho kwazalwa khona izingilazi eziningi ezinhle eziphephuka ngesitayela sendabuko saseShayina.Enkathini Yobukhosi Bengoma, inani elikhulu lezingilazi langeniswa eShayina lisuka emazweni ama-Arab, futhi izitsha zengilazi ezigcwele amasiko angavamile zaqhakaza yonke indawo ezweni le- motherland, zenza isithombe esihle sokuhlanganisa amasiko aseShayina nawaseNtshonalanga.Kuyafaneleka ukusho ukuthi nakuba inani elikhulu lezingilazi ezingavamile zafakwa eShayina, kusenomehluko omkhulu phakathi kwe-glassware yaseShayina yasendulo kanye ne-glassware yamazwe ngamazwe.Ngaphezu kokuhluka kwesitayela, umehluko omkhulu phakathi kwe-glassware yaseShayina yasendulo ukwakheka kwengilazi.Ngaleso sikhathi, ukwakheka okuyinhloko kwengilazi eNtshonalanga ye-Asia impucuko kwakuyizinto ze-sodium-calcium silicate, kuyilapho i-China isebenzisa i-potassium oxide (ekhishwe emlotheni wesitshalo) njenge-flux, okwaholela ekuhlukeni okukhulu kwempahla yengilazi yasendulo yaseShayina kanye neNtshonalanga. ingilazi.
Okwesibili, ukusetshenziswa kwe-glas
1.Izicelo zengilazi zesimanje
Ezikhathini zanamuhla, ukusetshenziswa kwengilazi kubanzi kakhulu.Ingilazi yesimanje ingahlukaniswa kalula ibe ingilazi eyisicaba kanye nengilazi ekhethekile.Ingilazi eyisicaba ihlukaniswe ikakhulukazi yaba izinhlobo ezintathu: ingilazi eyisicaba eholela phezulu (ihlukaniswe yaba izinhlobo ezimbili zemisele/nomsele), umdwebo oyisicaba ingilazi eyisicaba kanye nengilazi entantayo.Lezi zinhlobo zezingilazi zinokusetshenziswa kwazo embonini yokuhlobisa izakhiwo, imboni yezimoto, imboni yezobuciko kanye nezempi.Ngokusho kokwakheka okuhlukile, ingilazi ingahlukaniswa ingilazi ye-quartz, ingilazi ephezulu ye-silica, ingilazi ye-silicate eholayo, ingilazi ye-sodium calcium, ingilazi ye-aluminium silicate, ingilazi ye-borosilicate, ingilazi ye-potassium njalonjalo.Zonke izinhlobo zengilazi zinokusetshenziswa kwazo, njengengilazi ye-sodium-calcium ingasetshenziswa ekwenzeni ingilazi eyisicaba, izingilazi nezibani zokukhanya;Ingilazi ye-silicate yomthofu isetshenziswa njenge-vacuum tube core ngenxa yokumanzisa kwayo kwensimbi ephezulu, futhi isetshenziselwa ukuvimba imisebe ngoba umthofu ungavimba izinto ezikhipha imisebe.Ingilazi ye-Borosilicate iyinketho yokuqala yengilazi yokuhlola yamakhemikhali ngenxa yamandla ayo aphezulu kanye nokumelana nokugqwala.
Okwesithathu, ikusasa lengilazi
1. Amathemba esikhathi esizayo wengilazi yobuciko kanye nengilazi yokuhlobisa
Enye yezindawo ezinkulu zokusetshenziswa kwengilazi yesimanje ingilazi yobuciko kanye nengilazi yokuhlobisa.I-Glass isuse ukuphishekela kwasekuqaleni kwamaketango asebenzayo, yaqala ukwenza intuthuko ibe yinhle.Ngemva kokuba isitudiyo sengilazi sikhule ngobuningi, kwaqala ukuvela imikhiqizo yengilazi enhle kakhulu, izinti zamakhandlela eziyingilazi, imihlobiso yengilazi, izithombe eziqoshiwe zengilazi kanye nezithombe ezinkulu zengilazi ezinemibala.Izinto ezihilelekile engilazini yobuciko zinkulu njengezimoto, izakhiwo, izithombe zasengadini, futhi zincane njengokudayela kwewashi, amafreyimu esibukweni, nomakhalekhukhwini.Ingilazi ingasetshenziswa futhi njengama-rhinestones esikhundleni samadayimane abizayo, futhi “amadayimane” abonwa kuma-trinkets namuhla empeleni ama-rhinestones anemibala enziwe ngengilazi.
Ngokuthuthukiswa kwesikhathi esizayo kwengilazi yobuciko, mina mathupha ngiphakamisa lokhu okulandelayo:
1. Ingilazi yobuciko kanye nengilazi yokuhlobisa kufanele inake ugqozi nokudala, ihambisane nomklamo wokudala oyingqayizivele, futhi ilethe abantu idili elibonakalayo.
2, lungiselela ukwakheka kwengilazi yobuciko, unciphise izindleko zokwandisa ukuphuma kwengilazi yobuciko.
3, yakha amazinga embonini, ukuze ingilazi yobuciko ibe ukuklama nokukhiqizwa okulinganiselwe, ukugwema ukungcoliswa kwempahla eluhlaza kanye nezinye izenzakalo.
4, inqubo yokukhiqiza ingilazi yobuciko kanye nengilazi yokuhlobisa ibe yi-high-tech, ukuze ubuchwepheshe bokukhiqiza ingilazi bufinyelele ezingeni elisha, bukhuthaze kangcono ukuthuthukiswa kwezimboni.
Ingilazi yobuciko enemisebenzi eminingi neyinhlanganisela yengilazi yobuciko kanye nengilazi yokuhlobisa iwukuhlangabezana nezidingo zeThe Times, njengengilazi yokuhlobisa elungiswe ngokuhlanganisa amangqamuzana elanga anezindonga zamakhethini engilazi enombala ayikwazi nje ukusebenzisa amandla elanga kodwa futhi ingasetshenziswa njengento engeyona into udonga oluthwala umthwalo, kodwa futhi ludlala indima yokuhlobisa, lubulala izinyoni ezimbili ngetshe elilodwa
2. Ingilazi ekhethekile
Ingilazi ekhethekile isetshenziswa kabanzi ku-instrumentation, ezempi, ezokwelapha, ze-electronics, chemistry, ukwakhiwa kanye neminye imikhakha, ngayinye inezici zayo.Njengengilazi eqinile (i-coefficient yamandla inkulu, akulula ukuphuka, noma iphukile ngeke yakhe izinhlayiya ezibukhali ukuze zilimaze umzimba womuntu), ingilazi enephethini (i-opaque, evame ukusetshenziswa ezindaweni ezidinga ukwelashwa opaque, njengezindlu zangasese), ingilazi yocingo. (okuvame ukusetshenziswa embonini yezokwakha, akulula ukuphuka uma kuthintekile), ingilazi evikelayo (umphumela wokufakwa komsindo muhle), ingilazi yezinhlamvu (ingilazi yamandla aphezulu, ingilazi, njll.) Ingakwazi inhlamvu ephansi, isiqinisekiso sokuphepha) nokunye.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, izinhlobo ezintsha ezihlukahlukene zezingilazi ezakhiwe ngokuhlanganisa izinto ezihlukene zamakhemikhali nazo zinezinhlobonhlobo zamathemba okufaka isicelo.Kubandakanya ingilazi ye-silica ephakeme okukhulunywe ngayo ngaphambilini, ingilazi ye-lead silicate, ingilazi ye-sodium calcium, ingilazi ye-aluminium silicate, ingilazi ye-borosilicate, ingilazi ye-potassium, njll., manje ukunakwa kwengilazi entsha nengilazi yesisekelo sensimbi.Ingilazi eyinsimbi iwuhlobo lwezinto ezi-amorphous ikakhulukazi ezenziwe ngezinto zensimbi, futhi azikho iziphambeko zekristalu ezifana nobuso, isikhundla kanye nephuzu.Inezici ezinhle kakhulu njengokunwebeka okuphezulu, amandla aphezulu, ukumelana nokugqwala, ukumelana nomthelela, ukumelana nokubanda nokushisa, njll., futhi inamathemba abanzi okusebenza ekuthuthukisweni kukawoyela negesi.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Oct-07-2023
